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 AGM 2024
      

Introducing A New Path To Drug Discovery Through Research Innovation and Partner Collaboration

Welcome

​​​​

TRIDENT (the TRanslational Initiative to
DE-risk NeuroTherapeutics) is the culmination of thirty years of collaborative research in diverse fields of neuroscience, brought together in a groundbreaking proof-of-concept approach to preclinical evaluation of neurotherapeutics. By integrating the appropriate testing models with the best technology and teams of world-leading experts, TRIDENT will make it less risky to develop treatments for brain diseases, will save companies money, and will help get effective therapies to patients faster. We are grateful for the support of a $24M grant from the Government of Canada’s New Frontiers in Research Fund (NFRF) to demonstrate the efficacy of this revolutionary platform.

 

​In November of 2024, we welcomed over a hundred of our valued team members and key stakeholders to our first Annual General Meeting. The TRIDENT AGM provided a unique opportunity to dive into the latest progress towards TRIDENT’s goals and to collaborate with peers who are shaping the future of neuroscience drug discovery. Over the course of the AGM, participants were able to participate in dynamic presentations, interactive workshops, and exciting networking opportunities led by some of the most respected experts in our field. Each session was carefully curated to encourage thought-provoking discussions and practical takeaways for our diverse audience of attendees. The event was a resounding success and valuable connections were forged and strengthened.

As we look to our third year of research growth and development in TRIDENT, we will use the valuable insights to date and those gained over the course of the AGM, and continue to build critical strategic partnerships.  We invite you to learn more  by checking out the 2024 AGM highlights below, exploring our website, or by connecting with a member of our team at any time.
 

Ravi

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Dr. Ravi Menon,

TRIDENT Principal Investigator

Event Aims

Topics

01

Provide an immersive engagement opportunity for all project stakeholders, with a focus on trainees

04

Demonstrate to external stakeholders the value of the TRIDENT platform, i.e., how it transforms pre-clinical evaluation to maximize its predictive validity and result in higher translation to humans— resulting in a faster path for finding effective treatments and cures for neurodegenerative diseases in humans.  

02

Collect expert opinions to calibrate the direction and prioritization of TRIDENT

03

Facilitate informative, program-wide research updates, lab tours, and training 

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Sessions

Committees

Interdisciplinary Therapeutic Evaluation Panel (InTEP)
 

TRIDENT Advisory Council (TAC)

Networking

Industry-Regulatory Think Tank

Training

Western University-TRIDENT Life Design Seminar
 

Career Exploration: Finding Your Path to Opportunities and Success Seminar
 

Neuro Expert Mixer
 

PATH Lecture and Workshop

Trainee-Led Research Update Presentations

Research Facility Tours

Speakers

Ann Ayinde Headshot
Dr. Ann Ayinde
Career Coach,
Western University-TRIDENT
Western University 

Speaker for the Western University-TRIDENT Career Exploration Seminar
Dr. Samuel Chuang
Senior Director, Scientific Advisory Services,
Charles River Laboratories  


Speaker for the Career Exploration: Building Your Path To Oppourtunites and Success Seminar
Sma Chuang headshot
Jonathan Kimmelman Headshot
Dr. Jonathan Kimmelmann
TRIDENT InTEP Co-Chair
McGill University

Speaker for the PATH Lecture and Workshop
Dr. Meghan O'Hara
Program Specialist, Graduate Student Life,
Western University 


Speaker for the Western University-TRIDENT Career Exploration Seminar
Meghan O'Hara Headshot

Recap

Interdisciplinary Therapeutic
Evaluation Panel (InTEP)

About The Session Session Leaders • Dr. Aled Edwards, CEO Structural Genomics Consortium • Dr. Jonathan Kimmelman, Associate Professor, Biomedical Ethics Unit/ Social Studies of Medicine, McGill University Committee Members • Dr. Thomas Durcan • Dr. Liisa Galea • Dr. Richard Gold • Dr. Marco Prado • Dr. Jackie Sullivan • Dr. Dan Small Session Agenda 1. Welcome 2. Roundtable Introductions 3. InTEP Purpose, Aims, Duties, Scope 4. Wrap Up and Next Steps Session Summary During the InTEP kick-off session, the members of the InTEP panel interacted with the TRIDENT research leads and external stakeholders, such as industry, foundation, and community partners, to outline and discuss the structure and functioning of the TRIDENT pipeline and the InTEP and how this committee, working at arm’s length from the TRIDENT leads, will facilitate decision-making at key junctures throughout the TRIDENT platform to maximize translation to humans. The meeting concluded with a strong emphasis on the importance of a structured, standardized approach to preclinical drug evaluation. Stakeholder engagement and collaboration are critical to refining the pipeline and ensuring its long-term success. Immediate next steps include securing funding beyond NFRF grant period, expanding capacity, validating predictive models, and working together with collaborators to find a balance between data transparency and IP protection. By addressing these challenges and building on its strengths, the pipeline aims to become a robust, scalable, and reliable tool for accelerating drug discovery while maintaining scientific rigor and ethical standards. This collaborative and systematic approach has the potential to improve the translation of evidence from preclinical studies to clinical trials in neurodegenerative diseases and beyond. eventually to human trials. Pipeline Objectives • Ability to Predict Translational Success The PATH framework was introduced as a systematic approach for evaluating evidence strength and translational relevance at each stage of the pipeline. The PATH framework emphasizes: • Construct Validity Ensuring models accurately represent the biological mechanisms and conditions of the target disease. • Predictive Validity Establishing that findings from preclinical models reliably translate to clinical outcomes. • Robustness Ensuring reproducibility through standardization and validation across multiple labs and conditions. The use of common cognitive testing methods at TRIDENT across species—from mice to marmosets to humans—ensures consistency and comparability of results. Challenges and Risks Identified • Predictive Validity Challenges Preclinical models often fail to fully replicate the complexity of human pathophysiology, leading to high rates of attrition in clinical trials. There is a need to expand the pipeline’s capability to predict adverse cognitive effects, including dementia, which are often overlooked in pre-clinical studies. • Resource Constraints Limited throughput due to resource bottlenecks, including personnel availability and physical infrastructure, could hinder project scalability. • Delays in hiring and onboarding staff were noted as a potential bottleneck in expanding pipeline capacity. • Data Transparency and IP Concerns Smaller companies expressed concerns about premature publication of preclinical data, which could impact competitive advantage and stock valuations. Addressing these concerns requires clear data-sharing agreements and collaboration models with phased publications. • Standardization Versus Flexibility While standardization improves reproducibility, it may limit the development of novel assays tailored to specific scientific questions. Balancing these competing needs is a core challenge for pipeline development. Opportunities and Innovations The meeting highlighted opportunities to address the identified challenges and optimize pipeline operations. • Validation Through Retrospective Analysis Retrospective studies using compounds with known clinical outcomes could validate the pipeline’s predictive capabilities and strengthen confidence in its models. • Predicting Adverse Cognitive Effects The pipeline could be used to identify compounds causing cognitive impairments, regardless of therapeutic area. This application would expand its utility and address a critical gap in drug development. • Flexible Entry Points Collaborators can engage with specific pipeline stages, such as iPSC screening or Marmoset models, based on their project’s immediate needs and readiness. • Innovative Assays Incorporating naturalistic environments and sex-specific disease models into testing paradigms could improve the ecological validity of preclinical findings. Next Steps To address the challenges and capitalize on opportunities, the following steps were proposed: 1. Expand Capacity Secure additional funding to hire personnel and expand physical infrastructure. 2. Transition to a service-based model to ensure scalability and sustainability. 3. Enhance Communication with Collaborators 4. Develop clear guidelines on IP protection and data transparency to alleviate concerns from smaller companies. 5. Host workshops and think tanks to gather stakeholder feedback and refine the open science policy when the platform transitions to a service-based platform. 6. Validate Predictive Models Use retrospective validation to establish the pipeline’s reliability and predictive power. 7. Include compounds known to cause cognitive decline as part of validation efforts. 8. Foster Innovation Encourage the development of novel assays that address emerging scientific needs while maintaining core standardization. 9. Explore integrating machine learning tools for data analysis and predictive modeling.

TRIDENT Advisory Council (TAC) Session

About The Session Session Leader • Dr. Ravi Menon, TRIDENT Principal Investigator Committee Members • Dr. Lynn Beattie • Dr. Samuel Chuang • Heather Innes • David Lee • Dr. Karen Lee • Dr. Ariel Louwrier • Dr. Mira Puri • Dr. Jane Rylett Session Agenda 1. Welcome 2. Roundtable Introductions and Feedback 3. TAC Overview 4. Discussion Point 5. Wrap Up and Next Steps TAC Purpose and Goals • Strategic Input • Provide insights on the direction of TRIDENT’s research, outreach, and commercialization strategies. • Discuss long-term sustainability models and stakeholder engagement. Initial Mandate • Serve as an advisory body for the principal investigator and the core team. • Evaluate project outputs informally and suggest improvements to meet stakeholder needs and sustainability goals. • Sustainability and Future Planning Explore avenues for leveraging initial government funding for long-term impact and to secure funding for the future. • Develop strategies for transitioning into a self-sustaining entity post-grant. Key Discussion Themes • Sustainability Challenges Canada’s research funding model requires significant industry collaboration and sustainability planning. The need to balance academic integrity with practical considerations for commercialization. • Open Science and Intellectual Property Commitment to open science while recognizing industry’s need for confidentiality and potential patenting. Suggested compromises, such as limited embargo periods (e.g., 6 months) before data is released publicly. Working with biotech and pharma partners to strike a balance between open science and their IP concerns. • Building Validation and Credibility Emphasizing the development of a validated pipeline for preclinical models to predict clinical outcomes. No model has been holistically validated for neurodegenerative diseases. • Leveraging existing academic and industry partnerships to test early-stage compounds. It is important to include models that faithfully recapitulate symptoms as seen in humans for diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. • Training and Human Resources Development Focusing on highly qualified personnel (HQP) as part of the project’s sustainability and innovation strategy. Creating a collaborative framework for training across institutions to retain talent in Canada, and it provides scope for TRIDENT to extend beyond its current academic partners. • Balancing Academia and Commercialization A balance is needed between TRIDENT’s academic mission and the practical needs of industry partners. Hybrid models, such as fee-for-service structures for certain projects, were proposed to accommodate both academic and commercial stakeholders. • Ethical and Practical Considerations Ethical obligation to advance science transparently while addressing practical industry needs. Balancing academic openness with the necessity for commercial viability in a highly competitive research environment. Conclusions • Regulatory and Commercial Strategy • Develop clear communication around TRIDENT’s open science commitments and flexibility for partners. Present a regulatory strategy that incorporates innovative preclinical validation to attract industry support. • Stakeholder Engagement Identify and engage diverse partners, including biotech, pharma, patient organizations, and academic institutions. • Explore international collaborations and public-private partnerships for expanded funding opportunities. • Operational Planning Establish a clear timeline and metrics for achieving proof-of-concept and validation goals. • Create a strategic roadmap for transitioning from grant funding to a sustainable model. • Focus Areas for Research Validating the TRIDENT platform is needed as evidence of predictive power in the preclinical space and testing compounds that have failed in clinical trials can serve as validation for failing compounds. How can TRIDENT prove a compound that has success in clinical trials? Next Steps 1. Advisory members were encouraged to continue providing feedback and propose specific recommendations. 2. Future meetings will incorporate updates on progress and address unresolved challenges in commercialization and sustainability.

Industry-Regulatory Think Tank

About The Session Session Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Initial Discussion Point 3. Breakout Sessions 4. Full Group Discussion 5. Conclusions Session Summary • The session aimed to engage key industry stakeholders in a bi-directional conversation that will gather feedback on what TRIDENT needs to do to prove its concept, gain insight about partner expectations, and collect ideas on how TRIDENT can help smoothen the path to regulatory affairs. • Dr. Gold provided an introduction, acknowledging the funding from the New Frontiers in Research Fund (NFRF), which supports high-risk, high-reward academic projects in Canada. The primary goal of the AGM Think Tank was to engage participants in discussions about the TRIDENT project, which involves drug development, and to gather feedback on communication, timelines, and project outcomes. • The specific focus of the Think Tank was on translating research into regulatory processes and exploring how industry partners, patient organizations, and government could benefit from these efforts. The research involves testing potential drug molecules using various models, including humanized models and sex-based analysis, with the aim of creating a robust, open, and data-driven platform for drug development. • The meeting included breakout sessions where attendees discussed key topics such as validating the TRIDENT model, adapting it for the future, and contributing to the regulatory process. The session ended with a full discussion. • Breakout groups were organized into different themes, with assigned leaders and reporters for each group. Breakout Session 1: TRIDENT Now • Session Leader: Dr. Ravi Menon • Reporter: Dr. Liisa Galea • Coordinator: Dr. Sriram Jayabal Discussion Points • What is the extent of proof needed to validate TRIDENT's better translation to clinical success? E.g.: right model + touchscreen cognition + imaging on known failed drugs • Will a one stop shop platform with iPSC organoid, mouse, and marmoset models be leveraged together? • What different combinations of models or single model should be utilized? Session Summary and Key Comments • Platform Validation Challenges How to establish predictive validity for preclinical models. Lack of validated models for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Benchmarks are needed to evaluate platform success. • Key Considerations for Validation Importance of replicability and reproducibility in preclinical studies. Role of cognitive testing as a reliable metric compared to traditional methods. Integrating multiple models and approaches (e.g., in vitro, animal models, and imaging). • Industry Expectations and Limitations Pharma’s preference for faster timelines, even at the expense of deeper validation. Focus on biomarker outcomes (e.g., amyloid reduction) rather than cognitive results. Resistance to adopting slower, more rigorous validation methods due to time and cost constraints. • Recommendations for Improving the Platform Use failed clinical trials as proof points to validate predictive ability. Incorporate cognitive and pathology measures into the pipeline for comprehensive evaluation. Leverage computational models and advanced analytics for predictive insights. Collaboration and Partnerships The need for business development efforts to engage industry partners. Challenges of multi-institutional coordination for funding and implementation. Opportunities to work with industry on next-generation drug testing. • Strategic Considerations Develop adaptable platforms to stay relevant with evolving scientific discoveries. Focusing on combinations of approaches rather than single-model predictions. Balancing academic and industry needs to align goals and expectations. Broader Insights on Neurodegenerative Research Cognitive deficits as a critical yet underexplored aspect of many conditions. Importance of integrating cognition, pathology, and imaging into drug validation. Highlighting gaps in preclinical research, such as limited cognitive testing in models. Breakout Session 2: TRIDENT Future • Session Leader: Dr. Tom Durcan • Reporter: Dr. Joel Watts • Coordinator: Shehrbano Khan Discussion Points • How adaptable and scalable should TRIDENT be? To be your top choice to test a therapeutic, what should TRIDENT do? • What would be an acceptable turn around time for TRIDENT therapeutic evaluation? Evaluation using a current TRIDENT model vs. developing a new model + evaluation. Session Summary and Key Comments • TRIDENT’s Current Focus TRIDENT’s work revolves around creating advanced models, including iPSC-derived cells, organoids, and animal models like mice and marmosets, with an emphasis on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. These models aim to bridge gaps in understanding and testing potential therapies, offering a robust pipeline for research. • Opportunities for Growth Participants explored ways to expand TRIDENT’s scope beyond its current focus: • Broader Applications: Extending the pipeline to study conditions like ADHD, traumatic brain injuries, and other neurological disorders. • Collaboration: Strengthening partnerships with academic institutions, commercial entities, and patient advocacy groups to enhance resources and expertise. • Addressing Sustainability A significant portion of the discussion revolved around what happens after the six-year grant ends. The group agreed on the importance of planning now to ensure TRIDENT’s future: • Diversified Funding: Ideas ranged from seeking philanthropic donations and government grants to forming partnerships with biotech companies. • Defined Wins: The team emphasized showcasing tangible successes—such as validated models, impactful collaborations, and published research—to attract continued investment. • Building Trust and Credibility Maintaining high standards for data quality and transparency was identified as crucial for long-term success. This includes adhering to certifications like ISO or GLP to ensure data reliability and reproducibility. • Celebrating and Showcasing Wins The group stressed the need to identify and communicate TRIDENT’s successes: Models validated as the “gold standard” for preclinical research. Publications that highlight the program’s contributions to science. Collaborative projects that deliver meaningful results. • Sustaining Funding To keep TRIDENT moving forward, participants proposed a multi-pronged funding strategy: Engage philanthropic organizations to support the early stages of research. Partner with biopharma companies for downstream development and testing. Reach out to patient communities for advocacy-driven donations. Smart Growth Expanding the program without overextending was a key consideration: Focus on diseases and models that align with TRIDENT’s existing strengths. Gradually increase capacity through partnerships and infrastructure development. Strengthening Outreach Effective communication is vital for attracting stakeholders. This includes: Sharing TRIDENT’s story through publications, conferences, and media. Highlighting the real-world impact of its work, from training researchers to advancing therapies. Breakout Session 3: TRIDENT Policy Appeal • Leader: Dr. Jackie Sullivan • Reporter: Kate Placide • Coordinator: Sarah Brennan Discussion Points • How can TRIDENT make itself relevant for regulatory affairs? • What aspect of TRIDENT is appealing to the regulators? • Discuss the economy of TRIDENT – savings, faster approval process etc. Session Summary and Key Comments • The discussion centered on the TRIDENT pipeline, a framework for enhancing drug development, particularly focusing on preclinical to clinical transitions. • The meeting covered challenges, opportunities, and strategies for integrating TRIDENT into regulatory and commercial frameworks. • Regulatory Integration and Relevance TRIDENT’s focus on translational models (e.g., touchscreen tasks and multi-species cognitive assessments) is unique but not currently essential for regulatory approval. Regulatory standards prioritize safety and efficacy, with preclinical validation playing a supportive role. • Potential Influence TRIDENT could influence regulatory thinking by providing robust, translational data. Its inclusion of diversity (e.g., sex differences, hormonal impacts) aligns with growing regulatory emphasis on representation and precision medicine. • Challenges and Limitations: Negative Data Risks and Industry Skepticism A negative outcome through TRIDENT testing could harm a biotech company's prospects, especially for smaller firms. Public data sharing was identified as a sensitive issue due to commercial risk. Smaller biotech companies may hesitate to engage if TRIDENT outcomes negatively impact valuation, emphasizing the need for clear predictive value and industry trust. • Commercial and Development Strategy: Biotech Perspective and Value Proposition Companies often aim for proof-of-concept milestones to attract investment or acquisition. TRIDENT’s testing could add value by identifying promising candidates earlier in development. TRIDENT could aid in clinical strategy by identifying biomarkers and refining eligibility criteria, improving trial success rates. However, it must balance rigorous validation with practical commercial timelines and costs. • Expanding Applications: Holistic Considerations and Rare Diseases Beyond cognition, TRIDENT could incorporate quality-of-life metrics, delivery mechanisms, and continuous-use designs, aligning with patient-centered goals. The model could be adapted for rare diseases with small patient populations, offering rigorous preclinical validation where clinical trials are less feasible. • Future Directions Collaborations, Open Data, and Pipeline Refinement Partnerships with regulators, industry stakeholders, and smaller biotechs are critical for scaling Trident’s impact. Managing data sharing (e.g., embargo periods or selective release) to align with both academic and commercial interests is a priority. Tailoring the pipeline for specific disease mechanisms and broadening its application to other therapeutic areas. TRIDENT holds promise for advancing drug discovery by bridging preclinical and clinical gaps, but successful integration will require careful navigation of regulatory, commercial, and scientific priorities • Stakeholder engagement, clear value demonstration, and iterative development are essential for its long-term impact. Overall Think Tank Key Takeaways • Timelines and Flexibility: TRIDENT must balance the need for rigorous validation with industry’s demand for speed. • Proof Points: Demonstrating the platform’s success through small wins will attract partners and sustain funding. • Collaborative Approach: Engage diverse stakeholders, maintain adaptability, and establish credibility through robust science Next Steps 1. Define and Achieve Wins: Identify key milestones for the next several years, such as model validation and impactful partnerships. 2. Create a Business Plan 3. Develop a clear roadmap for funding and operational sustainability post-grant. 4. Engage Stakeholders Strengthen relationships with funders, industry, and patient advocacy groups to build a supportive network. 5. Focus on Standards: Work toward certifications and protocols that enhance TRIDENT’s reputation and data reliability.

Western University-TRIDENT Life Design Seminar

About The Seminar Session Leaders • Dr. Ann Ayinde, Career Coach, Western University • Dr. Meghan O'Hara, Program Specialist, Graduate Student Life, Western University Session Summary and Objectives • Life Design harnesses design thinking methods to tackle key questions and major decisions surrounding key facets of a person's life, including education, career, and overall life’s ambitions and purpose. Bill Burnett and Dave Evans originally introduced life Design at Stanford University's d.school (Design School) in Stanford, California, U.S.A. It became widespread with the publication of their book Designing Your Life in 2016. • One of TRIDENT's mandates is to support and develop the next generation of neuroscientists. In line with this, the TRIDENT-Western University Life Design Seminar was organized during the AGM to introduce this creative and effective toolkit to the TRIDENT trainees.

Career Exploration: Finding Your Path To Opportunities and Sucess Seminar

About The Seminar Session Leader • Dr. Samuel Chuang, Senior Director, Scientific Advisory Services, Charles River Laboratories Session Summary • The session enabled Dr. Chuang to share his career journey of an industry expert that spanned academia, industry and contract research organization (CRO) careers. • Dr. Chuang provided insight into the work life of different career areas than academia, in particular, industries and CROs. • Dr. Chuang detailed how he found a career path that was fulfilling for him, and shared ways to do the same early on during graduate school. • Dr. Chuang also shared tips and strategies that helped him to successfully pursue a desired career.

Neuro-Expert Mixer

Session Leaders • Dr. Shairaz Baksh, CEO, BioImmuno Designs • Dr. Murali Gopalakrishnan, Global Head, Neuroscience & Evaluation, Abbvie  • Dr. Joseph Mancini, Vice-President of Research, adMare BioInnovations • Dr. Viviane Poupon, President and CEO, Brain Canada • Dr. Amyn Sayani, Head of Medical Evidence, AstraZeneca  • Dr. Marc Shenouda, Chief Executive Officer, Neuropeutics Inc. • Dr. Tae Joon (TJ) Yi, Associate Director, Immunology, Krembil Foundation Session Coordinators • Kate Placide, Western Research Partnership Development Manager, Neuroscience and Imaging • Shehrbano Khan, TRIDENT Administrative Officer Session Summary • A group round-table robin event structure with experts from industry and foundation partners enabled direct interaction of TRIDENT trainees with the experts. • The session provided an opportunity for participants to learn about diverse career pathways in neuroscience. • The discussions aimed to advance TRIDENT's mandate to support and develop the next generation of neuroscientists.

PATH Lecture

Session Leader • Dr. Jonathan Kimmelman, McGill University Session Summary • The session provided an overview of an approach, Preclinical Assessment for Translation to Humans (PATH). When launching early-phase clinical trials, researchers rely heavily on preclinical evidence to determine if a new treatment is ready for testing in humans. However, this evidence is often incomplete or inconsistent. Combined with the increasing reliance on smaller studies and mechanistic data, particularly in precision medicine, this creates challenges in deciding when and how to move forward. The PATH (Preclinical Assessment for Translation to Humans) framework was developed to tackle these issues by providing a clear, systematic way to evaluate evidence and make better-informed decisions. The Challenges • Reproducibility Problems Many preclinical studies don’t hold up under closer scrutiny. For instance, Amgen found that they could reproduce only 11% of published findings when testing potential new drugs. A review of 17 high-impact cancer studies revealed that only half of the results could be replicated. • Gaps in Evidence Many clinical trials are launched without solid preclinical support. In cancer phase II trials, nearly half lacked studies showing the drug worked for the condition being tested. Protocols often fail to explain why specific models are used or how the findings translate to human outcomes. • The Problem with Narratives Trial protocols often rely on compelling stories rather than objective analysis. While narratives are persuasive, they can obscure weak evidence. Studies show that systematic reviews lead to more cautious and accurate evaluations than narrative summaries. • A Better Way: The PATH Framework The PATH framework provides a structured way to assess evidence supporting early-phase trials. It ensures that decisions are based on solid science and clear reasoning, helping researchers and regulators avoid pitfalls caused by incomplete or poorly interpreted data. PATH focuses on evaluating evidence across nine key steps, which span the process of drug development—from ensuring the drug engages its target to demonstrating it can produce meaningful clinical benefits in humans. The evidence is divided into two main types: 1. Vertical Evidence Direct findings from experiments, like whether the drug binds to its target or shrinks tumors in animal models. 2. Horizontal Evidence. Evidence showing that findings in preclinical models are relevant to humans, such as similarities in mechanisms or proof the drug reaches the human target. Key Elements of PATH • Assessing Evidence Quality Evaluate how well the study was designed: Was it blinded? Was the sample size adequate? Look at the strength of the effect: How big was the observed change, and how precise is the estimate? • Checking for Relevance Determine if the animal or lab models used reflect human biology (construct validity). • Ensure the drug behaves consistently across different models and conditions (external validity). • Address potential barriers like the drug’s ability to cross the blood-brain barrier or issues with human metabolism. • Filling the Gaps Identify missing steps or weak links in the evidence chain. The goal is to create at least one strong, well-supported path from preclinical data to expected outcomes in humans. Why PATH Matters: Improving Early-Phase Trials • PATH ensures trials are backed by rigorous evidence, reducing the risk of investing in studies with weak foundations. It also encourages transparency, discouraging vague claims and fostering trust. • Learning from Failures By mapping out where evidence fell short, PATH can help researchers understand why a trial failed and how to improve future studies. • Streamlining Decisions Regulators, funders, and research teams can use PATH to structure evidence presentations, making it easier to evaluate the risks and benefits of moving forward with a trial. • Supporting Precision Medicine As we rely more on smaller, mechanism-driven studies, PATH provides a systematic way to evaluate the evidence needed to guide personalized treatments. Limitations • While PATH is a powerful tool, it’s not without challenges. • It requires rethinking how evidence is presented in trial protocols and investigator brochures. • Translating findings from models to humans (horizontal evidence) can be complex and subjective. • PATH isn’t quantitative—it doesn’t predict exact probabilities of success—but instead provides a structured way to identify strengths and weaknesses in the evidence. Conclusions • The PATH framework represents a big step forward in making early-phase clinical trials more rigorous and transparent. • By systematically evaluating evidence, it helps researchers and decision-makers identify gaps, address risks, and make more informed choices. • While it won’t guarantee success, PATH ensures trials are built on the strongest possible foundation, ultimately paving the way for safer, more effective treatments.

PATH Workshop

PATH Workshop Overview Session Leader • Dr. Jonathan Kimmelman, McGill University Session Agenda: 1. Welcome 2. Review of ALS protocol evaluated using the PATH approach 3. Review and workshop of the proposed InTEP dry run therapeutic. Session Summary • The workshop explored how the PATH framework can be used to assess the quality of evidence supporting clinical trials, focusing on repurposing nilotinib, a cancer drug, for Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Participants worked together to evaluate a real-world clinical trial protocol, identifying strengths, gaps, and lessons learned. • What is the PATH Framework? PATH (Preclinical Assessment for Translation to Humans) helps researchers systematically evaluate the evidence supporting clinical trials. It breaks the drug development process into steps: 1. Does the drug bind to its intended target? 2. Does this binding produce the desired biological changes? 3. Do these changes improve patient outcomes? The Context • Drug in Focus: Nilotinib, a cancer treatment approved for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), was hypothesized to help Parkinson’s patients by targeting similar mechanisms at play in neurodegeneration. • Clinical Goal: Test whether nilotinib could improve Parkinson’s outcomes using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). • The Study: A Phase II trial comparing nilotinib to placebo, based on early promising (but limited) preclinical and clinical evidence. Workshop Insights: Evaluating Nilotinib’s Trial Step 1: Mapping the Evidence • Participants reviewed the trial protocol and assigned evidence to different PATH steps: • Target Engagement: Preclinical data showed that nilotinib binds to BCR-ABL, its intended target. • Biological Effects: Animal studies suggested nilotinib reduced dopaminergic neuron loss, a hallmark of PD. • Clinical Outcomes: Small open-label studies hinted at possible improvements in Parkinson’s symptoms, but these studies lacked the rigor of placebo-controlled trials. Step 2: Evaluating Evidence Strength • When assessing the quality of evidence, participants found: • Inadequate Magnitude: The reported effects were modest, particularly in early clinical trials. • Limited Precision: Sample sizes were small, and statistical details were scarce in preclinical work. • High Risk of Bias: Open-label studies (lacking blinding or placebo controls) made clinical results hard to trust. Step 3: Translational Gaps Model Limitations • The preclinical studies used animal models that may not fully replicate human PD, making translation uncertain. • Drug Delivery Issues The trial ultimately failed because the drug couldn’t reach the brain in therapeutic levels. • Post-Trial Reflections: What Went Wrong? The trial failed to meet its primary goals, with nilotinib showing no significant benefit for Parkinson’s patients. Post-trial analysis revealed that the drug didn’t reach the central nervous system at sufficient levels, undermining its ability to work as hypothesized. Lessons Learned • Preclinical Evidence Needs Rigor: It’s critical to validate animal models and ensure they mimic human disease mechanisms. • Thorough Translational Justification is Key. If a drug doesn’t reliably reach its target, the trial is unlikely to succeed. • Clinical Studies Should Avoid Bias Open-label studies, while useful for exploration, can’t substitute for well-designed, controlled trials when building a case for larger studies. • Why This Matters The workshop highlighted how the PATH framework can guide better decision-making in clinical trials, particularly for repurposed drugs. Nilotinib’s trial underscores the need to address translational gaps before involving patients. Time and effort are valuable—for both researchers and participants—and should be justified by strong evidence. • Future Applications Strengthening Evidence: By asking the right questions, PATH encourages researchers to present clear, comprehensive rationales for their studies • Improving Ethics in Trials Patients should only be asked to participate when trials are built on a solid foundation of evidence. • Learning from Failures The PATH framework can help analyze failed trials to identify gaps and prevent future missteps. Closing Thoughts • This workshop provided a thoughtful, hands-on experience with PATH, revealing its power to enhance the way trials are designed and evaluated. By using frameworks like PATH, the scientific community can create stronger, more ethical studies and improve the likelihood of successful therapies reaching patients.

Trainee-led Research Updates

Presentations Overview • iPSC & Organoid Core Speaker: Dr. Tom Durcan Title: Midbrain Organoids: Moving From a Discovery to a Therapeutic Testing Platform • Mouse Core Speaker: Dr. Marco Prado Title: Overview of the TRIDENT Mouse Core Speaker: Aya Arrar, Graduate Student Title: Translational Analysis of Cognition and Pathology Using Combined Humanized Mouse Models Speaker: Cadence Emilee Opoka, Graduate Student Title: Bridging Valleys Through Touchscreen-Based Cognitive Task Development Speaker: Dr. Sara Touj & Janice Park, Graduate Student Title: Using MRI to Characterize Synucleinopathy Progression and Therapeutic Efficacy in Mice • Marmoset Core Speaker: Dr. Justine Clery Title: Overview of the Marmoset Core Speaker: Jiayue Yang, Graduate Student Title: McGill platform: Behavioral And Neuroimaging Marmoset Data Speaker: Dr. Alessandro Zanini Title: Western Platform: From The Behaviour To The Brain, A New Preclinical Model For Alphasynucleopathies • Sex-Based Analysis+ Core Speakers: Dr. Liisa Galea and Dr. Laura Gravelsins Title: SBA+ Considerations for Translational Neuroscience The Why and How • Data Management and Sharing Core Speaker: Dr. Ali Khan Title: Toolkit For Lightsheet Microscopy Speaker: Dr. Mallar Chakravarty Title: Algorithmic Support for Streamlining Brain Imaging and Analysis Speaker: David Roper, Research Associate Title: Mouse Open Data Capture Platform • Open Science, Practices and Partnerships Core Speaker: Dr. Jie Fang Title: The Impact Of Open Science and Academic Research on Drug Development

Venue

Ivey Spencer Leadership Center

Key Feedback

"Would you rather wait an extra year and save $2 billion, or rush into clinical trials and risk failure?"

Stats

86

In-Person Attendees

16

Sessions Over 2 Days

110

Total Attendees

90%

Attendee Satisfaction Rate

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